Nailing machine



Sept. 15, 1931.

R. cossocK 1,823,644

NAILING MACHINE Filed March 20, 19-31 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 15, 1931.R. cossocK NAILING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 20, 1951 Iii7275; 2x532 dssacz.

ldllllllllflllill 36 3i E5, 3931.; R. cossocK v fi NAILING MACHINE FiledMarch 23, 1931 4 Sheets-Shee t 3 Iva 2777;;

,ZZQZVZ ZaaacZ Sept 15, 1&3 R COSSOCK 1,823fi44 NAILING MACHINE FiledMarch 20, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Sept. 15, 1931 PATENT OFFICEaura cossotk, or PROVIDENCE, anonn ISLAND ammo; mcn'nm Application filedMarch 20, 1981. Serial No. 523,888.

My invention relates to machines for drivin nails. w

eretofore the use of hammers in nailing machines has been limited toplungers or 'U the like of a rectilineally reciprocable character.

An essential objectof my invention is to utilize in automaticnaildriving the advantages inherent in the oscillatory or swinging movementof a hammer heretofore attained only by the natural movement of thehuman arm.

Another object is to combine with the means for actuating the powerstroke of the oscillator hammer, a novel means for returning tile latterto idle position.

Additional objects are'to utilize a stroke of a swinging or oscillatoryhammer for actuating the nail carrying stri and for setting in operationthe means for returnin the hammer to original osition, and to utilizethe return stroke of t e hammer for putting out of operation the hammerreturning means.

Further objects are to insure a maximum ower of stroke, accuracy ofcoordination tween the hammer blows and the advanc; ing nails, facilityof operation, portability, and ,inexpensiveness of construct1on.

To the above ends essentially, but not exclusively, my inventionconsists in such parts and in such combinations of arts as fall withinthe scope of the appen ed claims.

In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this s clfication,

Figures 1, 2, 3 an tion, a plan view, an end elevation, and a rearelevation respectively of a nailing machaine embodying my invention.

Like characters of reference indicate like parts throughout the views.

The framework of my machine maybe of any.form most convenient forcarrying the operative. arts.

As herein shown theframe 12comprises a longitudinally disposed table 14cast with an'intermediate portion of which is the intermediate portionof a transversely dis- --posed verticall faced bar of web 16. The

inner end of t e table is integral with one 4 are a front elevadisksconstitute the cooperating contacting of the sides of a transverselydisposed upright semicircular housing 18, to whose other side is fixedby bolts 19 or otherwise the flange 20 of a vertically and longitudinally directed mounting late or backing 21. A rectangular downwar lydirected extension 23 comprises a floor 25, a back wall 26 extendingfrom the rear; end of the web 16 to the adjacent sideof the housing 18an outer end wall 28 integral with the housing and a front wall 30formed by the enlarged inner end of a longitudinally disposed web 31depending from the table 14. Cast with.

the 'web 16 at a point behind its forward end is a downwardly andforwardly directed flat triangular leg or su port 33 inte ral with aforwardly directe foot 35. est with the end of the web is a cylindricalupright enlargement 36, above a nearly semicircular enlargement intervalat its lower end with the foot 35 and provided with a plane front face38., A portion of the enlargement 36 partly overhangs the foot.Cooperating with the leg 33 are legs 39 and '40, fixed by bolts 41 and42 respectively, to the frame parts 14 and 21, and provided withterminal eet 43 .and 44 respectively. I

An electric motor 47 is attached to the plate 21 by bolts or screws 49pasing throughthe attaching lugs 50 of the motor casing, or otherwise.The motor shaft 52 fast in the hub 54 of a disk or fly wheel 55,constituting one member of a friction clutch, partially enclosed: in thehousing 18 whose inner and outer walls 57 and 58 are centrally providedwith semicircular openings 59 and 60. The'housing is completed by aperipheral rim. The hub 54 is loose in and concentric with the opening60.

In the housing is a friction disk 61 which includesa metal body 62 and afacing or lining 63 of frictional material engageable with thecooperating disk 55. The two I members of a friction clutch.. The disk61 has a hub 65 extending through the opening 59 of the housing, and inwhich is fast a longitudinally reciprocable rock shaft 67 (in alignmentwith the shaft 52 and drives thereby when the described clutch membersare in contact with each other.

A bearing 69 for the shaft 67 comprises a standard 70 integral with thetable 14, and

two heads 73 and 74 interspaced as at 75. A second bearing 77 for thisshaft includes a standard 78 and a head 79. An annular shoulder member81 upon the shaft intermediate the two bearin comprises a collar 82 fastto the shaft an in this instance, an antifriction bearing adjacentthereto comprising racewa disks 84 loose on the shaft embracing bal s85. A helical spring. 87 surrounding the shaft 67 has its ends abuttingagainst the member 81 and the bearing head 73.

An oscillatory haminer 89, comprisin a helve or shaft 90 and head 91, isprovide in it send or hub portion, as shown in Figure 2, with a bore 92through which the shaft 67 slidably passes, and with a longitudinalgroove 93 communicating therewith to receive a spline 94 seated in theshaft andslidable in the groove. Thus the hammer is radially fast to theshaft while the latter .isaxially slidable relatively to the hammer.

"Cooperating with the spring 87 to longitudinally reciprocate the shaftis a mechanism operating upon the toggle principle,

about to be described.

Fixed to or integral with the frame and eonstitutin a art thereof is astandard 96 provide wit a bifurcated upper portion to form ears 98 toreceive a pintle 99 upon which is pivoted intermediate its len h anoperating handle 100. There is a ateral inclined arm or extension101'inte al with the standard sup orting one end 0 a toggle 102 as follows.0 the upper end of the extension is pivoted by a pin 103 the outer endof a to gle plate or arm 104. The inner end of the Tatter is connectedto the corresponding end of a second toggle arm 106 by a povot pin 107.IntermedIate the len h of the arm 106 is a pin 108; and integra withthis arm, as shown in Flgure 2, is a finger or extension 109 disposed atright angles thereto.

.Adjacent the standard 96 is an attaching plate 111 fixed to the table14 by screws 112 or otherwise. A vertical bearing plate 114 has upon itslower ends hinge sleeves 115 interengaging hinge sleeves 116 upon theattaching plate through which extends a ntle 117. The plate 114 has itsupper end lfurcated by a vertical slot 119, as shown in Figure 2, toloosely admit therethrough the shaft 67. The u per end of the bearingplate has an inturn flange 121 overlapping the toggle arm extension 109.A lug 123 integral with a lateral edge of the bearing plate 114 has alongitudinal guide slot 125 m which loosely registers the pin 108.

An upright latch lever 127, as shown in Figure 3, is pivotedintermediate the length of its shank 128 upon a pin 129 near the innerend of the operating lever 100, and its beak 131 normally overlaps themember 106 at the apex or elbow of the tog le, and is induced to suchposition by a helica spring 133 attached at one end to the lower end ofthe latch, and at its other to a pin 136 in the table 14. A cam 138comprises a sleeve 139 fixed to the rock shaft 67 and a curved camfinger 141 extending radially therefrom engageable with the lower end ofthe latch lever 127. The sleeve 139 normally abuts against the bearinghead 79.

The operation of the toggle .and clutch shoulder member 81, compressingthe spring '87 and forcing the clutch disk 61 into contact withconstantly rotating drivin clutch disk 55, and instantly propels theammer in its driving stroke.

At the close of the propelling impulse the cam finger 141 strikes thelower portion of the latch lever 127 and tilts it out of engagement withthe toggle to the position shown in broken lines in Figure 3, ermittingthe latter to resume its ori ina undepressed elevated position under t einfluence of the spring 87 which simultaneously separates the two clutchdisks 61 and 55. The instant the cam finger has released the latch leverthe latter is returned to its original position under the influence ofthe spring 133.

A nailing anvil or plunger 145 has a head 146 and is slidably mounted ina central vertical bore orideway 147 in the enlar ed portion 36 o? theframe and is mova le through an opening 149 in the foot 35. The head ofthe anvil is in the path of the hammer head in its forward or powerstroke which causes one of the nails 151, in alignment with and belowthe anvil, tov be torn from its paper nailcarrying strip '153 and bedriven into the work.

When not engaged b the hammer, the anvil is maintained in t e elevatedposition indicated in broken lines in Figure 3. A post 155 fast to theguide portion 36 of the frame of the frame portion 3.

183 in the face 38, as

b forwardly The roll 165 is frictionally driven by its companion roll166 andis adjustable there- 'from by adjusting screws 176 engaging itsshaft ends 167. The nail loaded end of the strip 153 is formed into apackage roll or scroll 178, as shown in Figure 2, resting on end looselyin a substantially cylindrical container 180 provided with a verticalslot 181 to admit the passage of the traveling t strip transversely ofthe face 38 of the frame portion 37 In passing, the top and bottommargins of the strip travel in rearwardly inclined, longitudinallydisposed, guide slots shown in Figures 1 and 3. y

The mechanism for actuating the roll 166, as shown in the last mentionedfigures, is a depending L shaped bracket 186 fixed by screws 187 to anintermediate portion of the helve 90, and to which is pivoted by a pin189 the rear end of a rod 190 upon which slides a sleeve 192. Nearthe-free end of the rod is mounted a slidable stop 194 adjustable by aset screw 195. Pivoted at its upper end to a lug 196 upon the bottom ofthe sleeve by a pin 197 is a lever 198 pivoted intermediate its lengthby a pin 199 to the end of anarm 200 integral with the web 16. Pivotedto the lower end of the lever 198 by a pin 201 is the rear end of a pushrod 202 slidable in a bearing 204 pivoted on a pin 206 in the end of astud 208 integral with the web 16. A spiral spring 209 connects theupper portion of the lever 198 with the rear portion of the push rod202.

The forward ortion of the rod is flat, and depending roni its end is atooth or pawl 210 having beveled rear face. This pawl is adapted tosuccessively engage a plurality of ratchet teeth 214 upon the top ofroll 166.

The described roll operating mechanism is actuated by the hammer 89.When the latter returns from its power stroke to the position shown inbroken lines in Figure 3 it carries the bracket 186 rearwardly, drawingthe rod 190 through the sleeve until the latter is engaged by, andsufliciently moved the stop 194 to usb the rod 202, and thus, throughthe paw advancethe roll 166 a step, which in turn, cooperating with theroll 165, advances a nail into alignment with the plunger 145preparatory to the next power stroke of the hammer.

The following mechanism is employed for returning the after the cam 138,acting on the latch lever 127, has released the clutch. When the hammerhas reached nearly a horizontal position in its downward forward travel,a stud 218 a vertical front face and a the working tilt the lever 198and hammer to rearmost position thereon, as shown in Figure 3, strikesand depresses a vertical rod 219 slidable in a bore 220 in the web 16.The lower end of the rod is pivotally connected, as at 222, to a lever223 passing through an opening 224 in the housing wall 30 and pivotedintermediate its length to a stud 226 on the wall 28 of the extension.Near its rear end the lever has a pin 227 to which is attached a helicalspring 228 whose lower end is attached to an eye 229 in the floor 25.The lock lever 223 will be hereinafter adverted Slidable in a transversegroove 231 in the floor is the base 232 of a block 233 beside the rearend of the lever 223, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, in which block isjournaled a s aft 235 which passes throu h an oblong opening 236 in thewall 28, an 'upon whose outer" end, as shown in Figure 4, is mounted afriction roll 238 engaging the periphery of the driving disk 55 throughan opening 240 in the housing. Fast to the opposite end of the shaft 235is a winding roll 242, to which is attached one end of a cord or thelike 244 passing over a guide roll or sheave 246 mounted on a pin 247 ina bracket 249 fast to the back wall 26 of the extension, and attachedattits forward end to a pin 251 in the upper portion of a fulcrum arm254 whose lower or hub ortion 256 is loose on the shaft 67 and, in thisinstance, located in the space 75 between the bearing heads 73 and 74.Also attached to the pin 251 is one end of a cord or the like 258 whoseother end is attached to a lug 260.

The driving disk 55 thus returns the hammer from its working position toits idle p0? sition through the operation of the roll 238, shaft 235,winding roll 242, and the cords fulcrumed by the lever 254. Thedescribed winding operation is discontinued prior to stroke of thehammer by the following means. By utilizing the fulcruming deviceiit ispossible to secure an arc of movement of the hammer of about 180degrees, resulting in increased momentum.

Near its rear end the web 16 is provided with a vertical bore 262, asshown in Figure 3, to slidably receive therethrough a rod or lunger 264having upon its upper end a ead or shoulder 265. A spring 266 upon therod has its endsengaging the head and upper face of the web. A bellcrank lever 268 includes a rock shaft 269 journaled in a sleeve 270 uponthe end of a rearwardly directed bracket 272 fixed to the extension wall26; an upward] inclined forked lever arm 275 upon one end 277 to receivea pin 279 in the lower rtion of the rod 264; and a downwardly 'rectedforked lever arm 281 having slots 283 to receive a pin 284 in the rearend of a horizontal thrust rod 286 slidable in a bearing 288 in the wall26 with a broad head 290 adapted to abut against the block 233 andextending laterally thereof below the end of the lock lever 223. Ahelical spring 292 on the rod 286 presses against the head 290 andthewall 26.

The described means is operated as follows. As the hammer in its retreatstroke ap roaches the broken line position it strikes an depresses theplunger 264, which rocks the bell crank lever 268 thereby withdrawingthe head 290 of the rod 286 from the slidable block 233, which throughthe impulse of a spring 294, attached to a pin 295 in the block and aneye 296 on the wall 26 imeils the friction wheel 238, carried by thelock, out of contact with the driving disk 55.

Instantly upon the withdrawal of the plunger 286 the spring 228 hasforced the rear end of the lock lever 223 downwardly into asubstantially horizontal position abutting against the front face of thehead 290, so as to lock the latter against forward movement until thenext hammer through the ro the lock lever 223. p

The employment of a rotary driving member for imparting the workingstroke of the swingin hammer is more powerful than is attainab e by theuse of rectilineally reciprocating hammers. This power is furtherenhanced by the possible extent of movement of the hammer in an arc ofapproximately 180 degrees whereby increased momentum is afforded. Bvirtue of the swingin movement of the ammer, back thrust against themachine frame is absent, hence even a light machine will retain itsseated position. 7 y

I claim 1. In a nailing machine, a drivin shaft, a driving clutch memberon the s aft, a longitudinally reciprocable rock shaft, a driven clutchmember on the rock shaft moving into and out of contact with the drivingclutch member, a spring for actuating the rock shaft in one direction, atoggle device for intermittently actuating the rock 219 against tripsshaft in the other direction, an oscillatory hammer comprising a helvemounted at one end upon the rock shaft, and a head upon the other end ofthe helve, and a na' ing anvil in the path of the head.

2. In a nailin machine, a drivin shaft, a driving clutc member on the saft, a longitudinally reciprocable rock shaft, a

' driven clutch member on the rock shaft movable into and out of contactwith the driving clutch, a. spring for moving the rock shaft in onedirection, means for alters nately moving the rock shaft in the otherdirection, a hammer s lined to the shaft, and a nailing anvil in t epathof the hammer.

. 3. In a nailing machine, a driving shaft, a driving clutch member fastto the shaft,

ower stroke of the 0 a longitudinall reciprocable rock shaft, a drivenclutch ast to the rock shaft movable into and out of contact with thedriving clutch member, means for reciprocatin the rock shaft interspacedhearings in whic the rock shaft is mounted, an oscillato hammerlongitudinally loose upon the sha and retained against movementlongitudinally thereof by the bearing heads, and a nailing anvil in thepath of the hammer.

4. In a nailing machine, a driving shaft, a clutch member on the shaft,a longitudinally reciprocable rock shaft, a clutch member on the rockshaft engageable with the first clutch member when the rock shaft ismoved longitudinally in one direction, stationary hearings in which therock shaft is loosely mounted, a hammer splined to the shaft between thebearings, a shoulder fast to the rock shaft a spring on the rock shaftengaging one side of the shoulder for se arating the clutch member, acompressib y togglle device acting upon the opposite side f t e shoulderfor interenga ing the clutch members when the toggle evice iscompressed, a vibratory latch lever for compressin the to gle device,and a cam on the mo shaft tuned to trip the latch lever and release thetoggle device after the clutch members have been interengaged.

5. In a nailing machine, a continuously rotating driving shaft, a clutchmember fast 1 a power stroke to thehammer, and a nailing anvil in thepath of the hammer.

6. In a nailing machine, a continuously rotating driving shaft, a clutchmember fast to the shaft, a longitudinally reciprocatory rock shaft, aclutch member fast to the rock shaft and engagable with the firstmember, a swinging hammer fast to the rock shaft free to travelapproximately 180 degrees, and means for forcing the second clutchmember into engagement with the first clutch member to impart a powerstroke to the hammer.

7. In a nailing machine, a continuousl rotating driving shaft, a drivingclutch member fast to the shaft, a longitudinall reciprocatory rockshaft, a driven clutc member fast to the rock shaft and engageias inganvil in the path of the hammer, and means actuated by the drivingclutch memher during its continued revolution for reversing the strolreof the hammer.

8. In a nailing machine, a continuously rotating driving shaft, a clutchmember fast to the shaft, a longitudinally reciprocatory rock shaft, aclutch member fast to the rock shaft epgageable with the first clutchmember, stationary hearings in which-the rock shaft is journaled, ahammer retained between the bearing and splinedto the shaft,

means for forcing the second clutch member into engagement with thefirst clutch memher during a partial revolution of thedriving clutch toimpart a power stroke to the hammer, a fulcrum arm pivotally mounted onthe rock shaft adjacent the hammer, a strand connecting the outer end ofthe hammer with the upper portion of the fulcrum arm, a rotary windingroll in the rear of the path of the hammer, a flexible member supportedat one end by the upper portion of the fulcrum arm and attached at itsrear winding roll, and means operated by the first clutch member duringits continued revolution for actuating the winding roll.

9. In a nailing machine, a continuously rotating driving shaft, a clutchmember fast to the shaft, a longitudinally reciprocatory rock shaft, aclutch member fast to the rock shaft engageable with the first clutchmem ber, stationary hearings in which the rock sha is journaled, ahammer retained between the bearings and splined to the shaft,

means for forcing the second clutch member into engagement with thefirst clutch member during a partial revolution of the driving clutchmember to impart a power stroke to the hammer, a nailing anvil in thepath of the hammer, means actuated by the first clutch member during itscontinued revolution for reversing the direction of travel of thehammer, a nail carrying strip in the path of the anvil, intermittentlyrotatable rolls for advancing the strip to the anvil, and means actuatedby the hammer for operating the rolls.

0 In a nailing machine, a continuously rotating driving shaft, a to theshaft, a longitudinally reciprocatory rock shaft, a clutch member fastto the rock shaft engageable with the first clutch member, stationarybearings in which the rock sha is journaled, a hammer retained betweenthe bearings and splined to the shaft, means for forcing the secondclutch memwith the first clutch member during a partial revolution ofthe driving clutch member to impart a power stroke to the hammer, anailing anvil in the path of the hammer, means actuated by the firstclutch member during its continued revolution for reversing thedirection of clutch member fast signature.

RALPH COSSOCK.

